Between the 9th and 12th centuries, the Principality of Polotsk (northern Belarus) emerged as the dominant center of power on Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the Principality of Turaŭ in the south.
However, a new power group in Belarusian science quickly formed during these power shifts, under the virtual leadership of the Head of the Philosophy Institute of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, academician S. Ya. Authorities occasionally make minor concessions to demands for a widening of the usage of the Belarusian language.
In a Russification drive in the 1840s, Nicholas I forbade the use of the term Belarusia and renamed the region the "North-Western Territory". Although the law provided options for studying the “second language of instruction”, which would be Belarusian in a Russian language school and Russian in a Belarusian school, the great majority of schools used Russian as the primary language of instruction (95% in the 1955/1956 school year).
This can significantly complicate the foreign speakers' task of learning these paradigms; on the other hand, though, it makes spelling easier for native speakers. A somewhat turmoil report on the presidential elections of 2001 and it's main
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Books and articles | Belarusian Heritage | Heraldry
- A Post Soviet Tyranny by Jake Inselman.
The "removal of the influences of the Polonisation" had been represented, effectively, by the: The "removing of the artificial barriers between the Russian and Belarusian languages" (virtually the often-quoted "Russification of the Belarusian language", which may well happen to be a term coined by Yan Stankyevich) had, according to Stankyevich, moved the normative Belarusian morphology and syntax closer to their Russian counterparts, often removing from use the indigenous features of the Belarusian language.
In 1994, the first presidential elections were held and Alexander Lukashenko was elected president of Belarus. After the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, the Belarusian language became an important factor in political activities in the Belarusian lands (see also: Central Council of Belarusian Organisations, Great Belarusian Council, First All-Belarusian Congress, Belnatskom). & Stankiewicz E. History Pre-17th century. Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian constitute the East Slavic language group. Teaching in Belarusian was conducted mainly in schools run by the Basilian order. The Lublin Union of 1569 constituted the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as an influential player in European politics and the largest multinational state in Europe. By the late 1930s, about 400 Belarusian schools had been closed and almost 70 percent of the population was illiterate. With time, the ethnic pattern did not evolve much. Our page on current political situation in Belarus. During the period of our land affiliation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Belarusian language began to segregate from the Old Russian language, the ‘father’ of modern Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Then Russian academician Shakhmatov, chair of the Russian language and literature department of St. Petersburg University, approached the board of the Belarusian newspaper Naša niva with a proposal that a Belarusian linguist be trained under his supervision in order to be able to create documentation of the grammar.
Cultural achievements of the Polatsk period include the work of the nun Euphrosyne of Polatsk (1120–1173), who built monasteries, transcribed books, promoted literacy and sponsored art (including local artisan Lazarus Bohsha's famous "Cross of Euphrosyne", a national symbol and treasure stolen during World War II), and the prolific, original Church Slavonic sermons and writings of Bishop Cyril of Turau (1130–1182). The privilege was enhanced in 1531, when the Orthodox church was no longer responsible to the Catholic bishop and instead the Metropolite was responsible only to the sobor of eight Orthodox bishops, the Grand Duke and the Patriarch of Constantinople. Björn Wiemer. The modern Belarusian form was defined in 1918, and consists of thirty-two letters.
After the Union of Lublin treaty in 1569, Belarus became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Latin and Polish as its official administrative languages, while the local nobility was increasingly Polonized. Thus Belarusian units were created, and Piasecki was transferred to a Warsaw school of infantry cadets. This was a particularly turbulent time in Belarusian history. Both Polish and Ruthenian cultures gained a major cultural centre with the foundation of the Academy of Vilna. [31][verification needed] This image, however, was strongly disrupted by the "purges" of "national-democrats" in BSSR (1929–30) and by the subsequent grammar reform (1933). The end of the 19th century, however, still showed that the urban language of Belarusian towns remained either Polish or Russian. With the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795, the area was incorporated into the Russian empire. In general, in the publications of the Soviet partisan movement in Belarus, the normative 1934 grammar was used. There are several systems of romanizing (transliterating) written Belarusian texts; see Romanization of Belarusian. The anti-Russian uprisings of the gentry[10] in 1830 and 1863 were subdued by government forces. [38][citation needed] The creation of the 1994 Constitution declared Belarusian to be the sole official language, though Russian was given the status as "language of inter-ethnic communication". Despite the abovementioned conflicts, the literary tradition of Belarus evolved. Omissions? 220048, Republic of Belarus, Minsk Str. After the end of War in 1945, Belarus became one of the founding members of the United Nations Organisation.
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