[67], Meanwhile, pressure from the Visigoths and a rebellion by Bonifacius, the governor of Africa, induced the Vandals under King Gaiseric to cross from Spain to Tingitana in what is now Morocco in 429. metuens Nepos adventum Orestis, ascendens navem fugam petit ad Salonam": 7.36 His rule, even as a puppet emperor, extended little beyond Italy, with Aegidius splitting off from the Western Empire, and establishing the Kingdom of Soissons. [141] This view is consistent with the view that contemporary Romans of the 4th and 5th centuries continued to consider the Empire as a single unit, although more often than not with two rulers instead of one. Octavian soon took Africa from Lepidus, while adding Sicilia (modern Sicily) to his holdings. Though Theodoric acted as an independent ruler, he meticulously preserved the outward appearance of his subordinate position. [69] With Attila wreaking havoc in Gaul, Aetius gathered a coalition of Roman and Germanic forces, including Visigoths and Burgundians, and prevented the Huns from taking the city of Aurelianum, forcing them into retreat.
10 Roman generals who were stationed with Nepos in Dalmatia joined him in the effort. In an attempt to gain support against the Lombards, the Pope called for aid from the Frankish Kingdom instead of the Eastern Empire, eventually crowning the Frankish king Charlemagne as "Roman Emperor" in 800 AD. It maintained Roman religion, language, and culture, and was far more concerned with fighting the Germanic tribes, fending off Germanic incursions and restoring the security the Gallic provinces had enjoyed in the past, than in challenging the Roman central government. [119] These regions remained under Roman control throughout the reign of Justinian. this year, on 28 August, the Patrician Orestes entered Ravenna with his army and the Three years after his death, the Lombards invaded Italy. Zeno became the first sole Roman emperor since the division after Theodosius I, 85 years prior, and the position would never again be divided. When Nepos had fled Italy and departed from the city, Orestes
[77], The final collapse of the Empire in the West was marked by increasingly ineffectual puppet Emperors dominated by their Germanic magister militums.
urbem Arvernate hosti ad tutiora se loca collegit. For more detailed geographical information, please use the DIR/ORBAntique and Medieval Atlas below. s.a.481). They were forced to surrender.
After only seven months of rule, Olybrius died of dropsy.
[158] He became Western Emperor in 286, with the establishment of the Tetrarchy.
passed with scarcely an acknowledgement.
[93] The Germanic kingdoms in Italy, Hispania and Gaul continued to recognise the Emperor in Constantinople as a somewhat nominal sovereign, the Visigoths minted coins in their names until the reign of Justinian I in the sixth century.
actual terms of the treaty.
Valentinian II fled to the Eastern Roman Empire, and convinced Theodosius to invade the Western Roman Empire and restore him to the Western Roman throne, which he did in 388. Petronius had reigned only 11 weeks. In an unusual step for this late period Nepos even issued a few symbolic coins in the co-operate in his restoration in any other ways that might be necessary.
Belisarius, an accomplished general who had already successfully campaigned to restore Roman control over North Africa and large parts of Italy, including Rome itself, was offered the position of Western Roman Emperor by the Ostrogoths during his siege of Ravenna (the Ostrogothic, and previously Western Roman, capital) in 540. Anthemius had summoned
The Domain of Soissons, a rump state in Northern Gaul ruled by Syagrius, survived until 486 when it was conquered by the Franks under King Clovis I after the Battle of Soissons. In 286 he elevated Maximian to the rank of augustus (emperor) and gave him control of the Western Empire while he himself ruled the East. [78], With the death of Theodoric in 526, his network of alliances began to collapse.
They quickly changed their adherence to the state church of the Roman Empire. to whom he sent two embassies in an attempt to consolidate what remained of imperial [182], Honorius became Western Emperor in 395, after the death of his father Theodosius. [100], Under Odoacer, Western consuls continued to be appointed as they had been under the Western Roman Empire and were accepted by the Eastern Court, the first being Caecina Decius Maximus Basilus in 480.
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