[127], In November 1815, Louis XVIII's government had to sign another Treaty of Paris that formally ended Napoleon's Hundred Days. Despite this, he still pressed for the marriage, which proved to be quite unhappy and produced no children. [68] In the winter of 1798–1799, Louis XVIII wrote a biography of Marie Antoinette titled Réflexions historiques sur Marie Antoinette. [64], Louis XVIII had been vying for the custody of his niece Marie-Thérèse since her release from the Temple Tower in December 1795. [72], Louis XVIII encouraged his niece to write her memoirs, as he wished them to be used as Bourbon propaganda. On May 23, 1200, Louis married Blanche of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile, who effectively acted as regent after Louis’s death. Parma, however, was bestowed upon Empress Marie-Louise for life, and the Parma Bourbons were given the Duchy of Lucca until the death of Marie-Louise. He also proclaimed his wife to be pregnant merely to spite Louis Auguste and his wife Marie Antoinette, who had not yet consummated their marriage. Louis XVIII of France had underestimated the strength of Napoleon’s army, however, some of the armies of Bourbon who were loyal to Napoleon defected making his army strong. With this development, he went into exile in the United Kingdom, Prussia and Russia, but returned after the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon. Artois secured a castle for the court in exile in the Electorate of Trier (or "Treves"), where their maternal uncle, Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, was the Archbishop-Elector. [35] In the early 1780s, he also incurred huge debts totalling 10 million livres, which his brother Louis XVI paid. Thus on 16 June, the princes-in-exile declared the Count of Provence "King Louis XVIII". The chronology in Catherine Hanley's, The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of ", Learn how and when to remove this template message. Brienne conceded defeat in July and agreed to a convocation of the Estates-General to meet in 1789.
[80], Louis XVIII was forced once again to leave Jelgava when Tsar Alexander informed him that his safety could not be guaranteed in continental Europe. [23] Louis Stanislas' elder brother, the Dauphin Louis Auguste, succeeded their grandfather as King Louis XVI. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was the grandson of the reigning King Louis XV. He exploited a document that he and Louis XVI had written[57] before the latter's failed escape to Varennes.
[11] But just when it seemed that England was his, King John's death in October 1216 caused many of the rebellious barons to desert Louis in favour of John's nine-year-old son, Henry III. From 1216 to 1217, he also claimed the Kingdom of England.Louis was the only surviving son of King Philip II of France by his first wife, Isabelle of Hainaut, from whom he inherited the County of Artois..
[129], Louis XVIII chose many centrist cabinets, as he wanted to appease the populace, much to the dismay of his brother, the ultra-royalist Count of Artois. He also wished the Duchy of Parma to be restored to the Parma branch of the Bourbons, and not to the former Empress Marie-Louise of France, as was being suggested by the Allies. At his death he was succeeded by his brother, the comte d’Artois, as Charles X. Corrections? On May 2, Louis XVIII officially promised a constitutional monarchy, with a bicameral parliament, religious toleration, and constitutional rights for all citizens. In October of the same year, Louis XVIII's foreign minister, the Duke of Richelieu, succeeded in convincing the Allied Powers to withdraw their armies early in exchange for a sum of over 200 million francs. On 8 May, two of the leading members of the Parlement of Paris were arrested. In 1813, Louis XVIII issued another declaration from Hartwell. [127], In November 1815, Louis XVIII's government had to sign another Treaty of Paris that formally ended Napoleon's Hundred Days.
Louis XVIII of France was married to Princess Maria Giusepinna of Savoyon May 14, 1771.
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