I/Part III)", The REME Museum of Technology – machine guns, United States Marine Corps Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle, United States Army Squad Designated Marksman Rifle, Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895), 8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886), Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876), Current French infantry weapons and cartridges, Schießbecher as 43M rifle-grenade launcher, List of equipment used in the World War II era, SMLE No.1 Mk III* & Lee-Enfield No.4 Mk.I, Starstreak SAM (shoulder launched or 3-shot multiple launcher), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Machine_gun&oldid=984983739, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Pulling (manually or electrically) the bolt assembly/bolt carrier rearward by way of the cocking lever to the point bolt carrier engages a sear and stays at rear position until trigger is activated making bolt carrier move forward, Loading fresh round into chamber and locking bolt. This weapon was simpler, cheaper to produce, fired faster, and replaced the MG 34 in every application except vehicle mounts, since the MG 42's barrel changing system could not be operated when it was mounted. As a class of military rapid-fire kinetic projectile weapon, machine guns are designed to be mainly used as infantry support weapons and generally used when attached to a bipod or tripod, a fixed mount or a heavy weapons platform for stability against recoils. In addition to personal defense weapons, a variety of infantry-support weapons classed as machine guns have been subjected to intense experimentation.…, …intervening period had been the machine gun and the rapid-fire field artillery gun. Machinery.-v.2. Cycle is repeated as long as the trigger is activated by operator. It was a design for a manually operated 1.25 in. The Maxim machine gun (c. 1884) was quickly followed by others—the Hotchkiss, Lewis, Browning, Madsen, Mauser, and other guns. Air-cooled machine guns often feature quick-change barrels (often carried by a crew member), passive cooling fins, or in some designs forced-air cooling, such as that employed by the Lewis Gun. Tore’s Tuesday – A Kar98A with an unusual history. The guns could only be fired when dismounted. The Maxim machine gun used the recoil power of the previously fired bullet to reload rather than being hand-powered, enabling a much higher rate of fire than was possible using earlier designs such as the Nordenfelt and Gatling weapons. (Although many .22 caliber conversion kits are made for the AR-15, the rimfire versions are only cosmetic similar rifles. In contrast to the rotary format, such weapons have a single barrel, and a recoil-operated carriage holding a revolving chamber with typically five chambers.
More common than either of these two methods is gas operation. In the late 20th century, scopes and other complex optics became more common as opposed to the more basic iron sights. An externally actuated weapon uses an external power source, such as an electric motor or hand crank, to move its mechanism through the firing sequence. Its chief feature, a revolving cylinder that fed rounds into the gun’s chamber, was a basic step toward the automatic weapon; what prevented its success was the clumsy and undependable flintlock ignition. The light machine gun, also called the squad automatic weapon, is equipped with a bipod and is operated by one soldier; it usually has a box-type magazine and is chambered for the small-calibre, intermediate-power ammunition fired by the assault rifles of its military unit. The multiple guns that comprise a Gatling being a much larger bulk of metal than other, single-barreled guns, they are thus much slower to rise in temperature for a given amount of heat, while at the same time they are also much better at shedding the excess, as the extra barrels not only provide a larger surface area from which to dissipate it, but in the nature of the design are spun at very high speed, which has the benefit of producing enhanced air-cooling as a side-effect.
This is common on light machine guns and some medium machine guns. In 1777, Philadelphia gunsmith Joseph Belton offered the Continental Congress a "new improved gun", which was capable of firing up to twenty shots in five seconds; unlike older repeaters using complex lever-action mechanisms, it used a simpler system of superposed loads, and was loaded with a single large paper cartridge. Light machine guns often have a butt stock attached, while vehicle and tripod mounted machine guns usually have spade grips. From the introduction of firearms in the late Middle Ages, attempts were made to design a weapon that would fire more than one shot without reloading, typically by a cluster or row of barrels fired in sequence. Aircraft-mounted machine guns were first used in combat in World War I. Other automatic weapons, such as assault rifles and automatic rifles, are really designed more for firing in short bursts rather than continuous firepower, and not considered machine guns.
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