The major exceptions are the great Irtysh, Ishim (Esil), and Tobol rivers, which run northwest from the highlands in the southeast and, crossing Russia, ultimately drain into Arctic waters. Kazakh language has the status of the "state" language, while Russian is declared the "official" language. The schools and the government are now seeking to develop a population fluent in Russian, Kazakhstan, and English to enable the country to engage better on a global arena.
Services, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The vast stretches of arable land in the northern plains are the most intensely cultivated and productive. There are eight personal pronouns in Kazakh: The declension of the pronouns is outlined in the following chart. Kazakhstan is divided into 14 provinces. Slavs—Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians—largely populate the northern plains, where they congregate in large villages that originally served as the centres of collective and state farms. Kazakhstan, also spelled Kazakstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh Qazaqstan Respublikasï, country of Central Asia. Ingush, a Northeast Caucasian language, is indigenous to Kazakhstan and Russia. During the Soviet period, all Soviet Republics including Kazakhstan were expected to adopt Russian as their primary language. 133, Official Website of Kazakh Parliament, in Қазақша, Русский, and English, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan&oldid=7124140, Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Articles containing Russian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. [1] German (30,400 speakers), Tajiki, Tatar (328,000 speakers), Turkish, Ukrainian (898,000 speakers), Uyghur (300,000 speakers),[2] and Uzbek are officially recognized by the 1997 Language Law, No. "I am [sitting and] eating." Article 7", "Address of the Head of State Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan", "Мемлекеттін 70 % мемлекеттік тілде сөйлей алады — ukimet.kz", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Kazakhstan&oldid=974949109, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Languages committee of the Ministry of culture and sports, This page was last edited on 25 August 2020, at 23:09. [12][13] A Kazakh government study released in September 2007 said that a switch to a Latin script over a 10- to 12-year period was feasible, at a cost of $300 million. Kazakhstan's schools use both Russian and Kazakh languages as medium of instructions, and schools emphasize one or the other. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the table, the elements left of a divide are voiceless, while those to the right are voiced. Average July temperatures in the north reach 68 °F (20 °C), but in the south they rise to 84 °F (29 °C). [25][26] A new version of the alphabet, elaborated by the Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics and specialists from the official working group on script transition, was proposed in November 2019, using breves, umlauts and cedillas instead of acute accents and digraphs and introducing spelling changes to stick more accurately to Kazakh phonology.[27]. 130 ethnic groups live in Kazakhstan. The Kazakh language is spoken primarily in Kazakhstan and in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in China but is … Kazakhstan gained independence on December 16, 1991. The following chart depicts the consonant inventory of standard Kazakh;[28] many of the sounds, however, are allophones of other sounds or appear only in recent loan-words. Since the Kazakhs have intermingled with numerous communities over time, Kazakh features words from Chinese, Arabic, Russian, Mongolian, Tatar, Persian, and Uzbek languages. In October 2017, Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev decreed that the government would transition from using Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet by 2025. Arabic and Chinese are also used in Kazakhstan. From the first stanza of "Meniń Qazaqstanym" ("My Kazakhstan"), the national anthem of Kazakhstan: Kazakh and Kyrgyz may be better seen as mutually intelligible dialects or varieties of a single tongue which are regarded as separate languages for sociopolitical reasons. Before the end of the Soviet Union, it was called "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic". Moreover, Kazakh became the second Turkic language to use the "ch" and "sh" digraphs after the Uzbek government adapted them in their version of the Latin alphabet. -, ادامدارعا اقىل پاراسات، ار-ۇجدان بەرىلگەن ،. Kazakhstan’s climate is sharply continental, and hot summers alternate with equally extreme winters, especially in the plains and valleys. Sand dunes in the Altyn-Emel National Park, Kazakhstan. ", "Nazarbayev Signs Decree On Kazakh Language Switch To Latin-Based Alphabet", "Alphabet soup as Kazakh leader orders switch from Cyrillic to Latin letters", "Kazakhstan Cheers New Alphabet, Except for All Those Apostrophes", "Kazakhstan adopts new version of Latin-based Kazakh alphabet", "Tokayev called the approved Latin alphabet unsuccessful", "Tokayev instructed to improve the Kazakh alphabet in Latin", "Fourth version of Kazakh Latin script will preserve language purity, linguists say", "Mutual Intelligibility Among the Turkic Languages", Kazakh Cyrillic–Latin (old)–Arabic converter, Kazakh language, alphabet and pronunciation, Aliya S. Kuzhabekova, "Past, Present and Future of Language Policy in Kazakhstan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakh_language&oldid=984990940, Short description is different from Wikidata, Language articles with speaker number undated, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Language articles without reference field, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan. Capital is Astana, largest city is Almaty. Its official name is the Republic of Kazakhstan. There have been efforts to eradicate Russian in the country especially after the nation achieved sovereignty in 1991, but the northern regions and Almaty Province remain Russia-speaking. While both languages share common loanwords from Farsi and Arabic, Kyrgyz lexicon includes much wider range of Mongolian loanwords. "[15] However, on 30 January 2015, the Minister of Culture and Sports Arystanbek Mukhamediuly announced that a transition plan was underway, with specialists working on the orthography to accommodate the phonological aspects of the language. Kazakh is generally verb-final, though various permutations on SOV (subject–object–verb) word order can be used, for example, due to topicalization.
The official languages of Kazakhstan are Kazakh with 5,290,000 speakers around the country and Russian which is spoken by 6,230,000 people. According to the American Councils for International Education, there are 117 languages spoken in Kazakhstan. Mark Kirchner: "Kazakh and Karakalpak". [citation needed].
Kazakh is spoken in three dialects namely Southern, Western, and Northeastern. Almaty and Nur-Sultan cities have the status of State importance and are not in any province. The official languages of Kazakhstan are Kazakh with 5,290,000 speakers around the country and Russian which is spoken by 6,230,000 people. In: This page was last edited on 23 October 2020, at 09:00.
[14] Baikonur city has a special status because it is leased to Russia for Baikonur cosmodrome until 2050.[14]. Municipal Akims are appointed by province Akims. It is one of the two former Soviet republics located in Central Asia to continue using Russian as the official language of Kyrgyzstan. ", "Kazakh language to be converted to Latin alphabet – MCS RK", "Kazakh President Orders Shift Away From Cyrillic Alphabet", "From Я to R: How To Change A Country's Alphabet – And How Not To", "Kazakhstan to Qazaqstan: Why would a country switch its alphabet?
Both Kazakh and Russian are used on equal grounds. Kazakhstan has the 11th largest proven reserves of both petroleum and natural gas.[13].
Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest country in the world, and it is also the biggest landlocked country in the world. Thus we need stability and peace. Moreover, the /æ/ sound has been included artificially due to the influence of Arabic, Persian and, later, Tatar languages during the Islamic period. Kazakh is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs through the former Soviet Union (some 472,000 in Russia according to the 2010 Russian Census), Germany, Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan. President Nazarbayev, however, instructed the authorities to shift to Latin by the end of 2017. The language is used by 64.4% of Kazakhstan's population which is about 5,290,000 speakers. While Kazakhstan was not considered by authorities in the former Soviet Union to be a part of Central Asia, it does have physical and cultural geographic characteristics similar to those of the other Central Asian countries. In the late 1970s Soviet authorities developed extensive plans to tap the Irtysh River for use in irrigating the arid expanses of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, but the scheme was killed in 1986 because of the large investment required and concern for the project’s possible adverse ecological consequences. Depressions filled by salt lakes whose water has largely evaporated dot the undulating uplands of central Kazakhstan. It is also an exporter of diamonds. Адамдарға ақыл-парасат, ар-ождан берілген. ", "The fish is swimming [as it always does] in the water". The language is popular in the tourism sector and the cities. answer! 151-1. It is also used by thousands of ethnic Kazakhs residing in the former Soviet Union, Germany, Afghanistan, Turkey, and Iran. A number of more recent immigrant languages, such as Belarusian, Korean, Azerbaijani, and Greek are also spoken. Each province is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. In Kazakhstan, the language is written in Cyrillic script. Founded in 1991 after the break-up of the U.S.S.R., Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world. Kazakh is the official language of Kazakhstan and a significant minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China and in the Bayan-Ölgii Province of Mongolia. Many animals, including antelope and elk, inhabit the plains. South of the Caspian Depression are the Ustyurt Plateau and the Tupqaraghan (formerly Mangyshlak) Peninsula jutting into the Caspian Sea. The 1995 Constitution recognized Russian, along with Kazakhstan, as state languages. Average density is one of the lowest on earth with almost 6 people/km2 ( List of countries by population density). Nuclear bomb testing conducted during the Soviet period near Semey (Semipalatinsk) contaminated the soils in the vicinity. Vast amounts of sand form the Greater Barsuki and Aral Karakum deserts near the Aral Sea, the broad Betpaqdala Desert of the interior, and the Muyunkum and Kyzylkum deserts in the south. Kazakhstan’s distinct regional patterns of settlement depend in part on its varied ethnic makeup.
The republic has an extensive network of oil pipelines between Atyraū and Orsk and Shymkent and Tashkent, as well as the Uzen-Zhetibay-Aqtaū pipeline from the west.
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