The source stream of the Orkhon River is in another volcanic region, with deep volcanic vents and hot springs. The ancient Mongolian script was forbidden and the Mongolian language has been written in the Cyrillic alphabet since the 1940s. Mongolia’s third longest river, the Kherlen (Kerulen), runs south from its source in the Khentii Mountains before turning eastward and flowing across eastern Mongolia and into Lake Hulun (Mongolian: Dalai Nuur) in northeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. A brief history of China. Near the northern border, Lake Khövsgöl (Hövsgöl) is the focus of another rugged region that is noted for its marshlands. During periods when China was united and strong, they traded with Mongols and other Inner Asian peoples. The southern part of it—the basins of the Tuul and Orkhon (Orhon) rivers—is a fertile region important in Mongolian history as the cradle of settled ways of life. Infoplease has everything you need to know about Mongolia. If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags. Other large lakes—all in the west—include the saline Lake Uvs, which is some 1,290 square miles (3,350 square km) in area, and the freshwater Lake Khar Us (Har Us), which drains into the saline Lake Khyargas (Hyargas). Mongolian history - Ancient times: There are many traces of the ancient human race in the territory of Mongolia, including archaeological discoveries in the white cave of Bayanlig and stone weapons found in the Uran Khairkhan hill of Baatsagaan somon, Bayankhongor aimag. This page has been viewed 642 times (0 via redirect). In the northern regions, mountain torrents and streams merge into deep, well-developed rivers. Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. In the southern areas—where there are only a few constantly flowing rivers—lakes, saltwater and freshwater springs, and wells draw on subterranean water supplies. There have always been fierce struggles between neighboring tribes in Mongolia. Around and between the main ranges lie an important series of basins. Huge six-sided basalt columns, arranged in clusters resembling bundles of pencils, are found in the eastern and central regions. Occasionally all or large portions of the region came under the control of a conqueror or a coalition of tribes. At its peak, the Mongol Empire covered the most contiguous territory in history. Generally, Mongolian rivers are swift with a steep gradient or are slow and meandering and prone to flooding in summer. As Chinese power waned in the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, Russian influence in Mongolia grew. Lake Khökh (Höh), in far northeastern Mongolia and lying at an elevation of 1,837 feet (560 metres), is the country’s lowest point. Mongolia was inhabited by warring nomadic tribes, who learned to ride horses and their entire culture has been centered on the horse ever since. The rule of the “Living Buddha” was maintained and the city was renamed Niyslel Hüree. The Great Lakes region, with more than 300 lakes, is tucked between the Mongolian Altai, the Khangai, and the mountains along the border with Siberia. Several spectacular natural features are found in the Gobi region. Led at first by Genghis Khan, the empire lasted from 1206 until 1368. The successor states of the Mongol empire. A service provided by, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Mongolia_History&oldid=3505413, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mongolia gained a new constitution in 1992. The Yuan dynasty was a period of Mongol rule of China which lasted nearly one hundred years, but after a century of Mongol dominance in China and the rest of Eurasia, the traditional patterns of Mongolian history reasserted themselves. The country is also famous for Genghis Khan, a one of a kind ruler that changed the course of history for the country. Following the Yuan dynasty, various Mongolian khans attempted, but failed, to revive the great empire. In repeated cycles the nomadic people of Mongolia either became vassals of the Chinese emperor, or they retreated beyond his reach into the northern steppes. Furthermore, Mongolia changed to a market economy. Many of Mongolia’s lakes are salty, impermanent, highly variable in area, and without outlets. Rock formations in the Eastern (Mongolian) Gobi near Töhöm, southeastern Mongolia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Today the economy of Mongolia is growing rapidly. The southern Gobi contains a mountain range, the Gurvan Saikhan (“Three Beauties”), that is known for its dinosaur fossil finds at Bayanzag and Nemegt. The Great Lakes region, with more than 300 lakes, is tucked between the Mongolian Altai, the Khangai, and the mountains along the border with Siberia. There have always been fierce struggles between neighboring tribes in Mongolia. Check out our country profile, full of essential information about Mongolia's geography, history, government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. Mongolia was inhabited by warring nomadic tribes, who learned to ride horses and their entire culture has been centered on the horse ever since. After the Chinese revolution of 1911, Mongolia declared its independence from China. Mongolia has great mineral wealth.
Mongolia is a country in East Asia. The Selenge drains northwest-central Mongolia before flowing northward into Russia and ultimately into Lake Baikal. The largest and deepest freshwater body, Lake Khövsgöl, in the north, occupies a structural depression. The eastern part of Mongolia has a rolling topography of hilly steppe plains. Tibetan Buddhism became the leading religious force among the Mongols in the 1500s. This led to the extermination or expulsion of some tribes and the intermingling of tribes. Family histories were destroyed and the people were forbidden to use their ancient surnames.
This page was last edited on 18 February 2019, at 15:43. Mongolia - Mongolia - The northern intermontane basins: Around and between the main ranges lie an important series of basins. The neighboring Chinese Empire and the Central Asian states, both militarily weak and fragmented, inevitably surrendered to the Mongol hordes racing over Asia, as did the decaying Arab-Turkish society of the Middle East.
Genghis Khan's army although not particularly large for its day, was distinguished by its superb horsemanship and expert archery, the discipline and control of its aristocratic leaders, and Genghis’s own brilliant military strategy and tactics. Its only outlet, the Eg River (Egiin Gol), joins the Selenge. Orkhon (Orhon) River, north-central Mongolia. Another basin lies between the eastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains and the western foothills of the Khentii range. On several occasions, raids into northern China were so successful that the victorious nomads settled in the conquered land, established dynasties, and eventually became absorbed by the more numerous Chinese. Mongolia (/ m ɒ n ˈ ɡ oʊ l i ə / (), Mongolian: Монгол Улс, transcription: Mongol Uls, Traditional Mongolian: ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ, transliteration: Mongγol ulus) is a landlocked country in East Asia.Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and … The Mongolian word for yurt, ger, also means home, and a number of … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nomadic encampment in the Orkhon River valley, central Mongolia. The Secret History of the Mongols mentions Genghis Khan as the leader of all peoples who live in felt tents, and even today a large share of Mongolia's population lives in yurts, even in Ulaanbaatar. Here and there, small, stubby massifs contain the clearly discernible cones of extinct volcanoes. Most of the southern part of the country is a vast plain, with occasional oases, forming the northern fringe of the Eastern (Mongolian) Gobi. The flat relief is occasionally broken by low, heavily eroded ranges. The largest rivers draining into the Great Lakes region of the Mongolian interior are the Khovd (Hovd), which rises from the glaciers of the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and the Zavkhan (Dzavhan), which runs off the southern slopes of the Khangai Mountains. An alliance of Buddhist theocracy and secular Mongol aristocracy ruled the country from the seventeenth until the twentieth century.The Mongol leaders were, in fact, subordinate to Tibetan Lamas, and to the Manchu emperors of China's Qing dynasty. The Orkhon, some 700 miles (1,130 km) long, is Mongolia’s longest river and lies wholly within the country. The watershed that separates rivers that flow into the oceans and those that flow into the interior basins runs along the crest of the Khangai Mountains. Although Mongolia suffered in the recession of 2009 it soon recovered. For these reasons, as well as the unpredictability of precipitation, hydroelectric potential has proved difficult to exploit. Another basin lies between the eastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains and the western foothills of the Khentii range. With these 66 facts about Mongolia, let’s learn more about its history, culture & tradition, economy, geography, people and lots more… Geographical facts about Mongolia. On the other hand, when China appeared weak, Mongol tribes made raids into rich Chinese lands. It flows generally northward, joining the Selenge just before the Russian border. The remarkable Khorgo region, on the northern flanks of the Khangai Mountains, has a dozen extinct volcanoes and numerous volcanic lakes. Occasionally all or large portions of the region came under the control of a conqueror or a coalition of tribes. Swift and turbulent rivers have cut jagged gorges. In 2020 the population of Mongolia was 3.2 million. The western and southern two-thirds of the country consist of interior drainage basins, in which seasonal or intermittent streams end in salt lakes or disappear into the stones and sands of the desert. Northern Mongolia’s drainage pattern is dominated by two river systems: the Orkhon and the Selenge (Russian: Selenga).
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