– UNESCO Publishing. тордо-/торло- to net/weave, түрдүү/түрлүү various. The Kyrgyz. The language is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak branch. – Chapter 4, p. 109 – 125. The consonant phonemes /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/ have uvular realisations ([q], [ɢ], and [ɴ] respectively) in back vowel contexts (before back vowels). (. Kyrgyz is related to Nogay Tatar, Karakalpak, and Kazakh. Co-editor: Karl M. Baipakov. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Turkey, Pakistan, Russia.. Kyrgyz was originally written in the Turkic runes, gradually replaced by a Perso-Arabic alphabet (in use until 1928 in USSR, still in use in China). Suffixes beginning with /l/ also show desonorisation and devoicing, though only after consonants of equal or lower sonority than /l/, e.g. Paris. However, Stalin mandated the replacement of Arabic with the Cyrillic script in 1941. ɑɫɑrd̪ɯn ɑɴ-sezimi menen ɑbijiri bɑr d͡ʒɑnɑ biri-birine bir t̪uːʁɑnd̪ɯχ mɑmilje qɯɫuːʁɑ t̪ijiʃ. The first people known certainly by the name Kyrgyz are mentioned in early medieval Chinese sources as northern neighbors and sometime subjects of the Turkic steppe empire based in the area of Mongolia. Native Kyrgyz sound values are almost identical to Turkish, the exceptions being the velar nasal /ŋ/ and the voiceless uvular stop /q/ which do not exist in Turkish. Till the 20th century, Kyrgyz was written using the Latin script. Kyrgyz / ˈ k ɪər ɡ ɪ z / or Kirghiz (natively Кыргызча, Кыргыз тили, قىرعىز تىلى, Kırgızça, Kırgız tili) is a Turkic language spoken by about four million people in Kyrgyzstan as well as China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Russia. Kyrgyz is a Turkic language, like Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkish, Uyghur, and Tatar. 1.1 Sounds and Alphabet 1.2 Voiced and Voiceless Consonants 1.3 Suffixes … Adle and Irfan Habib. Alardın añ-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuuğandıq mamile qıluuğa tiyiş. for diphthongization (ey, ay etc). Kyrgyz is one of the major languages of the Kipchak sub-branch of the Turkic languages, like neighboring Kazakh. Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Other consonants have slightly different realisations in front- versus back-vowel contexts and when between continuants or not, but these are the clearest examples. When Kyrgyzstan became independent following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, there was a popular idea among some Kyrgyz people to make transition to the Latin alphabet (taking in mind a version closer to the Turkish alphabet, not the original alphabet of 1928–1940), but the plan has not been implemented yet. ; in: The History of Civilisations of Central Asia, Vol. In addition to the pronouns, there are several more sets of morphemes dealing with person. The modern Kyrgyz language did not have a standard written form until 1923, at which time an Arabic alphabet was introduced. Kyrgyz is a language of the Turkic language family and one of the main official languages of Kyrgyzstan, the other one being Russian. the plural suffix -LAr patterns like this: кемелер boats, айлар months, торлор nets, колдор hands, таңдар dawns, көздөр eyes, баштар heads. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. ɑɫɑrd̪ɯn ɑɴ-sezimi menen ɑbijiri bɑr d͡ʒɑnɑ biri-birine bir t̪uːʁɑnd̪ɯχ mɑmilje qɯɫuːʁɑ t̪ijiʃ. Today an Arabic alphabet is used in China. bɑrd̪ɯχ ɑd̪ɑmd̪ɑr øz bed̪elind̪e d͡ʒɑnɑ uquχt̪ɑrɯnd̪ɑ erkin d͡ʒɑnɑ t̪eŋ uχuqt̪uː boɫup d͡ʒɑrɑɫɑt̪. Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony, https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_language?oldid=1020721. The Kyrgyz alphabets (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз алфавити, Qırğız alfaviti, قىرعىز الفابىتى , Uniform Turkic Alphabet: Qьrƣьz alfaviti, Kyrgyz pronunciation: [qɯrˈɢɯz ɑɫɸɑˈviti]) are the alphabets used to write the Kyrgyz language.The Kyrgyz language uses the following alphabets: The Cyrillic script is officially used in the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan); The Arabic script is officially used in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the … Kyrgyz is a language of the Turkic language family and one of the main official languages of Kyrgyzstan, the other one being Russian. "Шаар (Şaar)" (city) in Kyrgyz corresponds to Şahar/Şähär/Şəhər in other Turkic languages. Kyrgyz is a member of the Kazakh-Nogai subgroup of the Kypchak languages, and modern-day language convergence has resulted in an increasing degree of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz and Kazakh. "The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia." ), Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [4], no phonemic value; only found in borrowings, Kyrgyz alphabet, language and pronunciation, Kyrgyz edition of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Kyrgyz Cyrillic – Arabic – Latin converter, Kyrgyz Website in China using the Arabic script, Kyrgyz Latin alphabet (Кыргыз латын алфавити), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&oldid=984655194, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In these cases they are written as "ñ" and "q" respectively. It contains 36 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 3 additional letters for sounds of the Kyrgyz language: Ң, Ү, Ө. It is a member of the Kazakh-Nogai subgroup of the Kypchak languages, and modern day language convergence has resulted in an increasing degree of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz and Kazakh. Kyrgyz is also an agglutinative language, where each suffix added to the stem indicates only … Alardın añ-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuuğandıq mamile qıluuğa tiyiş. Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of Central Asia. A 1992 law called for the conduct of all public business to be converted fully to Kyrgyz by 1997. In these cases they are written as "ñ" and "q" respectively. باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلىندە جانا ۇقۇقتارىندا ەركىن جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات. The Kyrgyz language uses the following alphabets: The Arabic script was traditionally used to write Kyrgyz before the introduction of the first Latin-based alphabets in 1927. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. After the country’s independence, there was a certain demand of … bɑrd̪ɯχ ɑd̪ɑmd̪ɑr øz bed̪elind̪e d͡ʒɑnɑ uquχt̪ɑrɯnd̪ɑ erkin d͡ʒɑnɑ t̪eŋ uχuqt̪uː boɫup d͡ʒɑrɑɫɑt̪. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. ), Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [4], no phonemic value; only found in borrowings, Kyrgyz alphabet, language and pronunciation, Kyrgyz edition of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Kyrgyz Cyrillic – Arabic – Latin converter, Kyrgyz Website in China using the Arabic script, Kyrgyz Latin alphabet (Кыргыз латын алфавити), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_alphabets&oldid=984655194, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. "Шаар (Şaar)" (city) in Kyrgyz corresponds to Şahar/Şähär/Şəhər in other Turkic languages. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш. (e.g. Bardık adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarında erkin jana teng ukuktuu bolup jaralat. It contains 36 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 3 additional letters for sounds of the Kyrgyz language: Ң, Ү, Ө. Kyrgyz is spoken by about 4 million people in Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan, … The declension of the pronouns is outlined in the following chart. Alardın ang-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandık mamile kıluuga tiyish. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It begins with a brief introduction to the Kyrgyz language, stressing the points at which the Kyrgyz system differs from English, and outlining the Kyrgyz sound system. For example, "I don't know what I saw" would be rendered as "Мен эмнени көргөнүмдү билбейм" (Men emneni körgönümdü bilbeym): I what-ACC.DEF see-ing-1st.SG-ACC.DEF know-NEG-1st.SG, or roughly "I don't know my having seen what," where the verb phrase "I saw what" is treated as a nominal object of the verb "to know." Irregular forms are highlighted in bold. Kyrgyz is a member of the Kazakh-Nogai subgroup of the Kypchak languages, and modern-day language convergence has resulted in an increasing … 5, Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century /Editors: Ch. 2003. The Kyrgyz people were involved in the international trade route system popularly known as the Silk Road no later than the late eighth century. Kyrgyz was originally written in the Turkic runes,[1] gradually replaced by an Arabic alphabet (in use until 1928 in USSR, still in use in China). Between 1928 and 1940 a Latin-script alphabet, the Uniform Turkic Alphabet, was used.In 1940, Soviet authorities replaced Latin script with Cyrillic … for diphthongization (ey, ay etc). The Kyrgyz alphabets (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз алфавити, Qırğız alfaviti, قىرعىز الفابىتى, Uniform Turkic Alphabet: Qьrƣьz alfaviti, Kyrgyz pronunciation: [qɯrˈɢɯz ɑɫɸɑˈviti]) are the alphabets used to write the Kyrgyz language. Additionally, the liquid /l/ is realised as a dorsal /ɫ/ in back vowel contexts. Although the Latin script is not in official use, some Kyrgyz texts are written in the Turkish variant of the Latin alphabet, and uses Turkish spelling norms e.g. Like many other Turkic languages, Kyrgyz has vowel harmony (vowels of the suffixes change, to fit the other vowels in the stem). In the years immediately following independence, another change of alphabet was discussed, but the issue does not seem to generate the same passions in Kyrgyzstan that it does in other former Soviet republics, perhaps because the Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet is relatively simple and is particularly well-suited to the language. 1987/1993. Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Bardıq adamdar öz bedelinde jana uquqtarında erkin jana teñ uquqtuu bolup jaralat. However, with the dative suffix in Kyrgyz, the vowel is decided normally, but the decision between velars and uvulars can be decided based on a contacting consonant, for example банк /bank/ 'bank' + GA yields банкка /bankka/, not /bankqa/ as predicted by the following vowel. In Kyrgyz, suffixes beginning with /n/ show desonorisation of the /n/ to [d] after consonants (including /j/), and devoicing to [t] after voiceless consonants; e.g.
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