In October 1998, the APEC controversy came to the fore again when the New Democrat MP Dick Proctor claimed during a flight to have overheard the solicitor general, Andy Scott, tell his travelling companion Fred Toole that the inquiry into the APEC protests was going to be a white-wash, and that it had already decided before the inquiry had even began that Chrétien was going to be cleared of wrongdoing. [264] However, the Liberal claim that Day planned to dismantle the health care system to replace it with a "two-tier" health care system together with a number of gaffes on Day's part started to turn opinion decisively against the Canadian Alliance, despite the fact that most voters were growing tired of Chrétien. He was the first francophone minister of finance, and remains one of only three francophones to have held that post. Bob Plamondon writing in Policy Options pointed out that "After demonizing Chrétien, Quebec nationalists could not reconcile themselves to the reality that he gave their province new tools to protect the French language and culture. [335] The next day, Chrétien told the press that Bush was a friend and "He's not a moron at all", leading to headlines in the press such as "Chrétien denies Bush is a moron". [324] Boudria was forced to resign on May 26, to be replaced with Ralph Goodale. Source video. Nardwuar simply smiled at Chrétien's joke, and Chrétien concluded his answer by adding "For me, pepper, I put it on my plate", with a smile while pantomiming shaking pepper onto a plate. Duhaime was a local businessman with an unsavoury reputation and a criminal record, who received a loan from the Business Development Bank that he was ineligible to collect on the account of his criminal record (Duhaime did not mention his record when applying for the loan). She was often seen at political events — a petite, elegant figure standing demurely at the side of her gregarious husband, former prime minister Jean Chrétien — but was seldom heard. On September 19, Chrétien released the Liberal platform. University presidents still marvel at how Chrétien rebuilt Canada’s intellectual infrastructure, turning a brain drain into a brain gain."[370]. [179] Social spending as a percentage of GDP fell from 20.35 percent in 1993, to 18.35 percent in 1995, eventually falling to 16.94 percent in 1997 and 15.76 percent in 2000, and eventually rising to 16.29 percent in 2003. As a student at Trois-Rivières, Chrétien later recalled that his best day at that school was his first day when he attacked without provocation another student taller than himself, leading him to proudly remember that: "I really socked it to him bad. [353] His interview with The Globe and Mail prompted a follow-up article by Conrad Black in the National Post. Initially, Chrétien had planned to wait until the next general election before running, but was advised by Herb Gray that: "To have credibility, you're got to be in the House. [247] Likewise, Chrétien was later to tell Lawrence Martin that it was far better to intervene in the internal affairs of Yugoslavia to stop human rights violations in the Kosovo region by Serbian forces than to do nothing. [155] Investor reaction to the 1994 budget was very negative, with many concluding that the Liberals had no serious interest in dealing with the debt problem, and one economist recalling that after the 1994 budget the consensus among economists was that "They don't get it. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2020. Jean Chrétien, 20st Prime Minister of Canada Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. In front of everybody! [252] However, the Nickle resolution like all parliamentary resolutions was only symbolic, was in no way legally binding on Chrétien and several Canadians had been either knighted or raised to the House of Lords after 1917. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien came to power in October 1993. Chrétien was strongly opposed to the Quebec sovereignty movement and supported official bilingualism and multiculturalism. This ruling created the legal background to the bill that became the Clarity Act. On February 27, 1986, Chrétien, accompanied by his special executive assistant Jean Carle, went to Turner's office to hand in his resignation. After initial denials, Chrétien acknowledged having lobbied the Business Development Bank of Canada, owned by the Government of Canada, to grant a $2 million loan to Yvon Duhaime. The Chrétien-Martin rift has also divided the Liberals in the 2004 and 2006 elections, with some Chrétien supporters such as Terry Mercer, John Rae and Peter Donolo complaining of being sidelined despite their extensive campaign expertise. [99] Martin denied involvement in "coordinating" any response from the floor or a similar outburst by his supporters at the convention.[99]. Chrétien and his circle believed that the breaking of the Grand-Mère story during the election was the work of the Martin fraction. READ PAPER. Chrétien responded with a choke-hold. To save Canadian industry and the jobs of those Canadians employed in manufacturing from being destroyed by American competition, the Mulroney government decided in late 1989 to abolish the MST and replace it with the 7 percent GST, whose costs would be borne by consumers. Martin wanted to promise to eliminate the deficit altogether, but had been overruled by Chrétien, who had wanted to present the Liberals as the "caring" party that would defend social programs, unlike the "heartless" Conservatives and the Reform Party who Chrétien claimed wanted to eliminate the deficit within two or three years by gutting social programs with no thought for any suffering that this might cause. Chrétien formed a "war room" comprising his communications director Françoise Ducros, Warren Kinsella, Duncan Fulton and Kevin Bosch to gather material to attack Day as some sort of fascist who would plunge Canada into the Dark Ages, and to put forward the thesis to the Canadian people that Day had a "hidden agenda", which was so horrifying that Day dared not to reveal it to the people of Canada until after he won power. He was reelected to Parliament in 1990 and took over the leadership of the Liberals that same year. Earlier that year his lawyers tried, but failed, to have Justice John Gomery removed from the commission, arguing that he lacked objectivity. [90] The "distinct society" clause theoretically could have been the basis of a wide-ranging devolution of federal power since the clause might have empowered the Quebec government to pass any law short of secession to protect the "distinct society." Prime Minister Jean Chrétien boasts an impressive résumé. [citation needed] This led some of Chrétien's anti-war critics on the left to accuse him of never really being fully opposed to the war. Former prime minister Jean Chrétien was a participant within the initiative. Download PDF. [297] One Liberal later recalled about the Carle-Chrétien relationship that: "I don't know why Chrétien kept a guy like him around. If somebody has stolen the money, they will face the courts. Linda Diebel, "Carle a loyal hatchet man", Government of Canada, Social Union, News Release, ", Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, oldest living former Canadian prime minister, canceled the contract to buy the EH-101 helicopters, Public Works and Government Services Canada, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Centennial Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal, 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, "Notes by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Shawinigan, Quebec", "Canada's cherished Charter could not have happened without "kitchen accord, "Canada's Tories Break Filibuster, Pass Hated Consumption Tax", "The Liberal Red Book: The Economist's Perspective", Politics, Procurement Practices, and Procrastination: The CH-124 Sea King Helicopter Replacement Saga, "INTERNATIONAL BRIEFS;Canada Settles Claim On Canceled Helicopters", "The lesson from Canada on cutting deficits", "Why did Ottawa ignore warnings of Rwandan genocide? ", which frequently brought his audiences to tears. [247] Chrétien's foreign minister at the time, Lloyd Axworthy justified Canada's involvement in NATO bombing of Yugoslavia under the grounds that allegations of massacres against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo made the use of force legitimate on humanitarian grounds, even without the approval of the UN Security Council. [107] All of the Chrétien leadership team that was created in 1990 were later to play prominent roles in the omnipotent Prime Minister's Office during Chrétien's time as prime minister. A winner, the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone, would not be announced until after Chrétien retired. [287] Carle served as Chrétien's chief of operations between 1993 and 1998 before leaving to take up an executive post at the Business Development Bank, and was described by Maclean's in 1998 as being so close to the prime minister as to be almost a member of the Chrétien family. [262] Castro advised Chrétien to dissolve Parliament early as he considered Day to be a lightweight, and as Castro was a leader whom Chrétien respected, his advice was an important reason for the election. Jean Chretien – Canada’s best Prime Minister June 28, 2020 - By Warren Kinsella Free political advice: always look both ways. When the Business Development Bank refused to extend the loan in August 1999 under the grounds that Duhaime was a businessman with a bad reputation with a history for losing money on past business ventures and that he was already behind on his current payments, the president of the bank, François Beaudoin was fired by Chrétien in September 1999, which led to a wrongful dismissal suit that Beaudoin was to win in 2004. [176], The government began a program of deep cuts to provincial transfers and other areas of government finance. On April 30, 2003, The Globe and Mail newspaper ran an editorial that praised Chrétien's leadership and claimed "...we are now the best governed country in the Group of Eight". [45] At a time when deficits were rising and the Trudeau government was widely seen as drifting, Chrétien's "tough guy" image won him widespread attention with many in the media presenting him one of the few people in the Trudeau cabinet willing to make tough decisions. [34], After the June 1968 election, he was appointed Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development largely because of the influence of Sharp, who had persuaded Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau that Chrétien was worthy of a senior portfolio in the cabinet. [183] At time of the killing of the Somali teenager Shidane Arone in March 1993, the long-serving Deputy Defence Minister Robert Fowler had issued a memo saying that nothing must come to light that would embarrass the Defence Minister Kim Campbell. Both the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives frequently charged that Chrétien had broken the law in regards to his lobbying for Business Development Bank for loans to the Auberge Grand-Mère inn. "[102] Ultimately, Chrétien defeated Martin on the first and only ballot, but Chrétien's position on Meech Lake had irreversibly damaged his reputation in his home province. In retrospective polling, Chrétien ranks highly among scholars and the public. [95] At another delegate selection meeting, Karygiannis verbally attacked a pro-Martin Liberal official with such rage that the man was hospitalized for angina. The scandal led to long-running, deep investigations by the RCMP, a federal inquiry, the Gomery Commission, chaired by Justice John Gomery (called by Martin in 2004), and several prosecutions and convictions; the legal process continued to late 2011, more than a decade after the scandal began. [98] One of Chrétien's aides frenetically asked that Martin "get the #### out there and do something," as the Young Liberals continued shouting abuse at Chrétien, to his clear discomfort, only to be told that Quebec youth were "hotheads," whom nobody could control. When was Jean Chrétien (Canadian prime minister) born? [301] When pressed by opposition critics about his apparent ignorance of what was Canada's policy on turning over POWs captured in Afghanistan, Eggleton then claimed that he had not only forgotten that he had been briefed by senior bureaucrats that Canadian Forces were to hand over POWs to the Americans, but that he had also forgotten to inform the Cabinet. [49] During his time at Finance, Trudeau completely excluded Chrétien from any role in making financial policy, instead expecting Chrétien to simply carry out the policies that he and his advisors at the PMO had decided beforehand without consulting Chrétien at all. On October 25, the Liberals were elected to a majority government, winning 177 seats – the third-best performance in the Liberals' history, and their most impressive win since their record of 190 seats in 1949. [142][143], Chrétien cancelled the privatization of Toronto's Pearson airport. Another backer of the plan highlighted Chrétien's ties to the current Liberal government and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Economists were left to wonder how Chrétien turned around the national finances without triggering a recession. [120] Reflecting the changed emphasis, Chrétien in a pointed symbolic move, had the outspoken pro-free trade Liberal Roy MacLaren sitting next to him on his right while the equally outspoken anti-free trade Liberal Lloyd Axworthy sat at some distance from Chrétien on his left. [202], In early 1996, the federal government launched an advertising program to increase the presence of Canada in Quebec, a policy that Chrétien believed would avoid a repeat of the near-defeat of 1995, and was to lead eventually to the Sponsorship scandal. Doctors, who were impressed with the speed of his recovery, ordered him to rest for two to four weeks.[350]. [361], Chrétien was repeatedly attacked by both his opponents and supporters for failing to live up to key election promises, such as eliminating the so-called "golden handshake" by which politicians receive a substantial life-time pension after serving a mere five years in elected office. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien PC OM CC QC (French pronunciation: [ʒã kʁe.tjẽ]; born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. He is also a member of the Club de Madrid, a group of former leaders from democratic countries, that works to strengthen democracy and respond to global crises. [208] Following that ruling, Chrétien decided that here was a means of defeating the Quebec sovereignty movement and, in September 1996, ordered the Justice Minister Allan Rock to take the question of the legality of Quebec separating to the Supreme Court. [43] In November 1973, a judge ruled for the Cree, but a few days the appeals court ruled for Quebec. 12, 2019 After the publication of his memoir, we talked to Jean Chrétien about advising Justin Trudeau, tiring of Donald Trump and the importance of telling his tales. [216], Chrétien responded to the media's questions about the incident at a press conference. [156] A vicious circle had been created. It is possible. [149] Crow told Martin that the government should mind its own business, at which point Chrétien decided to keep his promise. [6] Under the 1940 National Resources Mobilization Act, the federal government could conscript Canadians only for the defence of Canada, and until late 1944, only volunteers went to fight overseas. Chrétien argued that the answer was a policy of slow devaluation where the dollar would be allowed to decline against other major world currencies, which would have the effect of both pricing out foreign imports and by giving Canadian firms a competitive advantage in world markets, boost exports. In a much-discussed essay, Trudeau had warned that giving Quebec the constitutional right to be a "distinct society" would mean that Quebec could quite legally start to expel its anglophone minority. After the 3 percent target had been achieved within the first three years of taking office, Chrétien promised the deficit would be eliminated at some unspecified time in the future. [87], Chrétien's principal opponent, Paul Martin, was generally seen as the ideological heir to John Turner, and Chrétien was seen to be the ideological heir to Trudeau. Chrétien, taking advantage of the furor, likened the PCs to the children who teased him when he was a boy in Shawinigan. [219] During the protests, a First Nations leader claimed to have overheard Chrétien giving orders to the RCMP to remove the signs protesting against the human rights violations in China and Indonesia at once before Suharto or Jiang had a chance to see them. A particular campaign stunt that attracted much attention occurred, when Warren Kinsella, often known as Chrétien's "attack dog", went on the Canada A.M TV show with a stuffed Barney dinosaur doll to mock's Day's purported belief that dinosaurs and humans once co-existed, saying that: "I just want to remind Mr. Day that The Flintstones was not a documentary. [71][72] That would have forced Turner to break his promise to Ouellet and so Turner compromised by creating a troika to run Liberal operations in Quebec of Chrétien, Ouellet, and Lalonde. [319] Chrétien had expected Mahoney to win, and was reported to be shocked when he learned of Keyes's victory, which now given Martin control of the caucus. [324], In late May 2002, Chrétien tried to curtail Martin's by-then open campaign for the leadership of the party by delivering a lecture to Cabinet to stop raising money for leadership bids within the Liberal Party. [286], In early 2001, politics were dominated by questions about the Grand-Mere Affair. I want to be prime minister and do great things, and I've got to put people in place who I can know can win". [150], The first budget introduced by Martin, in February 1994, was described as a "mild and tame" budget focused only on the target of reducing the deficit to 3 percent of Gross National Product (GNP) within three years, and brought in modest cuts, mostly to defence spending. "[89], The most controversial issue facing Canada in the first half of 1990 was the Meech Lake Accord of 1987. The ads were viewed as a last-ditch effort to keep the Liberals from winning a majority. It’s a sunny, warm June day in 1990 in Calgary. Pepper spray?" [168], Chrétien was not keen on making deep cuts to government spending, but given the crisis caused by the skyrocketing interest rates had decided "reluctantly" there was no alternative. [121] Chrétien's biographer Lawrence Martin wrote that the Aylmer conference marked Chrétien's first real achievement as Liberal leader, as it was the first time that he put forward a positive vision for Canada, instead of automatically opposing everything that Mulroney was doing without offering a constructive alternative. Jean Chrétien, in full Joseph-Jacques-Jean Chrétien, (born January 11, 1934, Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada), Canadian lawyer and Liberal Party politician, who served as prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. Hon. [78] Chrétien's resignation was largely motivated by his desire to organise against Turner better in the leadership review, which was due in the fall of 1986. [317] Bennett claimed that the prime minister's outburst was due to the influence of his communications director, Françoise Ducros, saying that "Francie was probably telling him what a ##### I was" in pressing for more female ministers (Ducros and Bennett were known to very much dislike each other). [248] Donolo did not approve of some of Chrétien's other advisors like Warren Kinsella, whom Donolo accused of being overtly aggressive and of seeing enemies everywhere. [289] Carle was widely seen within the Liberal ranks as Chrétien's "surrogate son". [166] Through it did not have much of a direct impact on the Canadian economy, the Mexican economic meltdown in December 1994 served as a graphic and terrifying example of what happened when a nation did not manage its finances properly, and perhaps made elements of the Canadian public more open to the goal of eliminating the deficit despite the short-term pain. [257], Relations between Chrétien and Martin were frequently strained, and Martin was reportedly angling to replace Chrétien as early as 1997. [80] Chrétien formally claimed to be neutral on the question of the leadership review of Turner's management of the Liberal Party, but behind the scenes, he lobbied as many Liberal MPs and senators as possible for their support in bringing down Turner. [207], After the 1995 referendum very narrowly defeated a proposal on Quebec sovereignty, Chrétien started to champion what eventually become the Clarity Act as part of his "Plan B". [264] The fact that the Red Book of 2000 consisted almost entirely of recycled promises from the Red Books of 1993 and 1997 and various banal statements further reinforced the impression of a prime minister with no plans or vision for Canada and whose only agenda was to hang onto power as long as possible. Do with the national Child Benefit program for the project 's promoters, who became known in the Affair... 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